Pehea ka hopena o ka hemahema semiconductor iā ʻoe?

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, ua hoʻopili nā hemahema a me nā pilikia hoʻolako i kēlā me kēia ʻoihana, mai ka hana ʻana a hiki i ka halihali.ʻO kekahi huahana nui i hoʻopili ʻia he semiconductors, kahi mea āu e hoʻohana ai i kou lā holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i ʻike.ʻOiai maʻalahi ka haʻalele ʻana i kēia mau hiccups ʻoihana, ʻoi aku ka hapa o ka semiconductor iā ʻoe ma nā ala ʻē aʻe ma mua o kāu e manaʻo ai.

He aha ka semiconductor, a pehea e hana ʻia ai?

ʻO Semiconductors, i ʻike ʻia he chips a i ʻole microchips, he mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka uila e hoʻokipa ai i nā piliona transistors i loko o lākou.ʻAe nā transistors i nā electrons e hele ma o lākou.Loaʻa nā chips i nā tausani o nā huahana e like me nā kelepona, nā mea holoi kīʻaha, nā mea lapaʻau, nā mokulele, a me nā kaʻa.Hoʻohana lākou ma ke ʻano he "lolo" o kā mākou uila ma o ka holo ʻana i nā polokalamu, ka hoʻopunipuni ʻana i ka ʻikepili, a me nā hana hoʻomalu.
No ka hana ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia kahi pahu hoʻokahi ma mua o ʻekolu mahina i ka hana ʻana, e hoʻopuni ana ma luna o hoʻokahi kaukani ʻanuʻu, a koi aku i nā hale hana nunui, nā lumi lepo lepo ʻole, nā mīkini miliona-dala, me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a me nā lasers.He paʻakikī loa kēia kaʻina hana.No ka laʻana, no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ke silikoni i loko o kahi mīkini hana chip ma ka mua, pono kahi lumi hoʻomaʻemaʻe-no ka maʻemaʻe e hiki ai i kahi kiko o ka lepo ke hana i nā miliona miliona o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana.Holo nā mea kanu chip 24/7, a he $15 biliona ke kumukūʻai no ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi hale hana komo ma muli o nā lako kūikawā e pono ai.I mea e pale aku ai i ka lilo ʻana o ke kālā, pono ka poʻe chipmakers e hoʻonui i $3 biliona i ka loaʻa kālā mai kēlā me kēia mea kanu.

lumi maʻemaʻe Semiconductor me ke kukui amber LED pale.Kiʻi Kiʻi: REUTERS

No ke aha ka hemahema?

Ua hui pū ʻia nā kumu he nui i ka makahiki i hala a me ka hapa e kumu i kēia hemahema.ʻO ke kaʻina hana paʻakikī a me ka pipiʻi o ka hana chip kekahi o nā kumu nui o ka nele.ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole nui nā mea kanu hana chip ma ka honua, no laila, ʻo ka pilikia i loko o ka hale hana hoʻokahi ke kumu i ka hopena ripple ma ka ʻoihana.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke kumu nui o ka hemahema hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka maʻi maʻi COVID-19.ʻO ka mea mua, nui nā hale hana i pani ʻia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā lako e pono ai no ka hana ʻana i ka chip no kekahi mau mahina.ʻO nā ʻoihana lehulehu e pili ana i nā chips e like me ka hoʻouna ʻana, ka hana ʻana, a me ka lawe ʻana i kū i ka hemahema o ka hana.Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kūʻai aku i makemake i ka uila e like me ka noho ʻana ma ka home a me ka hana mai ka home, e koi ana i nā kauoha e hoʻopaʻa i nā chips.
Eia kekahi, ua hoʻopau ʻo COVID i nā awa o ʻAsia e pani i kekahi mau mahina.Mai ka 90% o nā mea uila o ka honua e hele ana ma ke awa ʻo Yantian o Kina, ua hoʻopilikia nui kēia pani ʻana i ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā mea uila a me nā ʻāpana e pono ai no ka hana ʻana i ka chip.

ʻO ka hopena o ke ahi Renesas.Kiʻi Kiʻi: BBC
Inā ʻaʻole lawa nā pilikia a pau e pili ana i ka COVID, ua pale nā ​​pilikia ʻano ʻano like ʻole i ka hana ʻana.ʻO ka mea kanu Renesas o Iapana, kahi i hana ai ma kahi o ⅓ o nā ʻāpana i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaʻa, ua hōʻino nui ʻia e ke ahi ma Malaki 2021 a ʻaʻole i hoʻi hou nā hana a hiki i Iulai.ʻO nā ʻino hoʻoilo ma Texas i ka hopena o 2020 ua koi i kekahi o nā mea kanu chip liʻiliʻi o ʻAmelika e hoʻōki i ka hana.ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka maloʻo koʻikoʻi ma Taiwan i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2021, ka ʻāina alakaʻi o ka hana ʻana i ka chip, ua hoʻolōʻihi i ka hana ʻana no ka mea e pono ai ka nui o ka wai.

Pehea ka hopena o ka hemahema iā ʻoe?

ʻO ka nui o nā huahana mea kūʻai aku i loaʻa nā chips semiconductor i hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā e maopopo ai ka paʻakikī o ka hemahema.E piʻi aʻe paha ke kumukūʻai o nā mīkini a hoʻopaneʻe ʻia nā huahana ʻē aʻe.Aia nā manaʻo e hana nā US Manufacturers ma kahi o 1.5 a 5 miliona mau kaʻa liʻiliʻi i kēia makahiki.No ka laʻana, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Nissan e hana ʻo ia i 500,000 mau kaʻa liʻiliʻi ma muli o ka hapa o ka chip.Ua pani koke ʻo General Motors i nā mea kanu ʻekolu o kāna mau mea kanu ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2021, kaʻa ʻana i nā tausani o nā kaʻa i hoʻopau ʻia koe wale nō kā lākou mau pahu e pono ai.

Ua pani ʻia ʻo General Motors ma muli o ka hemahema semiconductor
Kiʻi Kiʻi: GM
ʻO nā ʻoihana uila mea kūʻai aku i hoʻopaʻa i nā pōpoki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi ma waho o ka makaʻala.Eia naʻe, i ka mahina ʻo Iulai, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Apple CEO Tim Cook e hoʻopaneʻe paha ka pōkole chip i ka hana ʻana o iPhone a ua hoʻopilikia mua i ke kūʻai ʻana o iPads a me Macs.Ua hoʻomaopopo like ʻo Sony ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomau i ka koi no ka PS5 hou.
Ua ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea hana hale e like me nā microwave, nā mea holoi kīʻaha, a me nā mīkini holoi.ʻAʻole hiki i ka nui o nā ʻoihana lako home e like me Electrolux ke hoʻokō i ka koi no kā lākou huahana āpau.ʻO nā mea pono home naʻauao e like me nā bele puka wikiō e like me ka pilikia.
Me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka wā hoʻomaha, ʻaʻole e manaʻo i ka nui o nā koho uila a mākou i maʻa mau ai i nā makahiki maʻamau - ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā ʻōlelo aʻo "ma waho o ke kumukūʻai".Aia ka manaʻo e hoʻolālā i mua a ʻaʻole manaʻo e kauoha a loaʻa koke nā huahana.

He aha ka hope o ka hemahema?

Aia ke kukui ma ka hope o ka tunnel me ka hemahema semiconductor.ʻO ka mea mua, ke hoʻomaka nei nā pani ʻana o COVID-19 o nā hale hana a me nā hemahema o ka hana.ʻO nā hui nui e like me TSMC a me Samsung ua hoʻohiki pū i nā piliona kālā e hoʻokomo i ka hiki no ke kaulahao lako a me nā mea hoʻoikaika no nā chipmakers.
ʻO kahi ʻike nui mai kēia hemahema ʻo ia ka mea pono e emi ka hilinaʻi ma Taiwan a me South Korea.I kēia manawa, hana wale ʻo ʻAmelika ma kahi o 10% o nā chips āna e hoʻohana ai, e hoʻonui ana i nā kumukūʻai moku a me ka manawa me nā chips mai nā ʻāina ʻē.No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia pilikia, ua hoʻohiki ʻo Joe Biden e kākoʻo i ka ʻāpana semiconductor me kahi bila kālā kālā i hoʻopuka ʻia ma Iune e hoʻolaʻa ana i $ 52 biliona no ka hana chip US.Ke hoʻolilo nei ʻo Intel i $ 20 biliona ma nā hale hana hou ʻelua ma Arizona.Manaʻo ka mea hana semiconductor koa a me Space CAES e hoʻonui nui i kāna mau limahana i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, me ka manaʻo nui i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā chips mai nā mea kanu US pū kekahi.
Ua hoʻopūhoihoi kēia hemahema i ka ʻoihana akā ua makaʻala hoʻi ia i nā pilikia e hiki mai ana me ka piʻi ʻana o ka noi no nā mea e koi ai i nā semiconductor he nui e like me nā hale akamai a me nā kaʻa uila.Manaʻo ia e hoʻolohe i kahi ʻano ʻōlelo aʻo no ka ʻoihana hana chip, e pale ana i nā pilikia e hiki mai ana o kēia caliber.
No ka wehe ʻana i nā mea hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i nā semiconductor, kahe ʻo Tomorrow's World Today's "Semiconductors in Space" ma SCIGo a me Discovery GO.
E ʻimi i ka Honua o ka Hana Hana, a e ʻike i ka ʻepekema ma hope o nā roller coasters, ka mea e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻoheheʻe uila uila, a e ʻike i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka hana ʻana.