Nūhou

ʻO ke kumu kūʻai chip, ʻo wai ka mea e hauʻoli malū nei?

图片1

 

Ua ʻoki ʻia nā kumukūʻai chip, a ua lohi ke kūʻai aku i nā chips.Ua uwē ʻia ka leo ʻano lapuwale e ka lehulehu mai ka hapa mua o kēia makahiki.I ka hapa mua o 2022, ma muli o ka lohi o ka noi i ka mākeke uila mea kūʻai aku, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana chip i kahi nalu o nā hōʻemi o ke kumukūʻai.I ka hapa lua o ka makahiki, ua hoʻomau hou ka manaʻo.

I kēia mau lā, hōʻike ʻia ka nūhou CCTV ma ke ʻano he mea nui o ka ʻōnaehana mana uila, ʻo ka STMicroelectronics chip kekahi o nā huahana chip koi nui loa i ka makahiki 2021. Ua hāʻule i kahi o 600 yuan, kahi hāʻule o ka nui o 80%.

I ka manawa like, he ʻumi ka like ʻole o ke kumukūʻai o kekahi chip i ka makahiki i hala.Hoʻohālikelike ke kumukūʻai o nā ʻāpana me ka puaʻa, piʻi a hāʻule.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe loa a me ke kumu kūʻai maʻamau ma mua ua hoʻonui nui ʻia.Ua hōʻike ʻia ua hōʻike ʻia e ka media e loaʻa i ka chip STMicroelectronics o 600 yuan ke kumu kūʻai maʻamau o ʻumi yuan i 2020.

Me he mea lā ua hala ke kuni chip.ʻO ke ao i uhi ʻia i ka pōʻai ʻenehana holoʻokoʻa i ka makahiki i hala e hoʻopau paha?Wahi a Bloomberg, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana chip i kēia manawa e manaʻoʻiʻo e loaʻa kahi huli nui i kēia mākeke wela no ka manawa lōʻihi e hiki mai ana, a manaʻoʻiʻo kekahi poʻe e hoʻomaka ana ka ʻoihana semiconductor i ka hāʻule maikaʻi loa i loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi.

Hauʻoli kekahi poʻe, kaumaha kekahi, a ke piʻi nei ke kumukūʻai chip.Ma waho aʻe o ka noho mālie ʻana o ka ʻoihana, hopohopo wau he nui nā mākeke i ka carnival.

Kīpī i lalo, ʻaʻole naʻe i lalo?

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka avalanche o nā kumukūʻai chip mai ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hoʻohana uila uila honua.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka hōʻike kālā hou a TSMC ʻo ka ʻoihana kelepona, ka mea i kākoʻo mua i ka hapalua o ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole ia ke kumu nui loa o ka loaʻa kālā, a ʻo ka hapa o kēia ʻoihana e manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomau i ka emi ʻana.ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka hoʻouna ʻana o nā kelepona a me nā PC e like me Ianuali mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia makahiki.Wahi a ka ʻikepili CINNO Research, i ka hapa mua o 2022, ʻo ka hoʻouna ʻana o nā kikowaena SoC kelepona o Kina ma kahi o 134 miliona, ma kahi o 16.9% makahiki-ma-makahiki.

ʻO ka ʻaoʻao PC, e like me ka ʻoihana noiʻi mākeke ʻo Mercury Research, i ka hapaha ʻelua o kēia makahiki, ua hāʻule nā ​​​​mea hoʻoiho kamepiula kamepiula papa i ka pae haʻahaʻa loa i loko o kahi kokoke i 30 mau makahiki, a ua ʻike ka nui o nā hoʻouna ʻana i ka hapa nui o ka makahiki mai ka makahiki. 1984. South Korea Smartphone kuai haule 29.2% makahiki-ma-makahiki i loko o Iulai, oiai e lawe aku ana o na lolouila a me na mea kōkua i hāʻule 21.9%, a me ka hoʻouna 'ana o ka hoʻomanaʻo chips alakai i ka emi me ka 13.5% emi.

Ke emi nei ka makemake o luna, hoʻomau ka lalo i ka ʻoki i nā kauoha, a maʻalili maoli ke kumukūʻai图片2Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kēia mau chips me nā kumukūʻai hoʻemi i ka hopena generalization e pili ana i ka ʻoihana semiconductor holoʻokoʻa.Ua hāʻule maoli ke kumukūʻai o ka chip?Ma lalo o ka nūhou o kahi "slump", aia nō nā mea hana e hoʻopiʻi nei i ke ʻano a hoʻolaha i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai.No ka laʻana, hoʻolālā ʻo Intel, Qualcomm, Meiman Electronics, Broadcom, etc. e hoʻonui i nā kumukūʻai no kekahi o kā lākou huahana chip.

ʻO ka laweʻana iā Intel ma keʻano he laʻana, e like me Nikkei, ua haʻi akuʻo Intel i nā mea kūʻai e piʻi aʻe ke kumukūʻai o nā huahana semiconductor i ka hapalua o ka makahiki 2022. Manaʻoʻia e hoʻonui i ke kumukūʻai o nā huahana likeʻole e like me nā kikowaena nui a me nā mea hana CPU kamepiula. a me nā ʻāpana āpau.Ma muli o ke ʻano, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa loa i nā helu hoʻokahi, a ʻo ka piʻi nui loa hiki ke piʻi i 10% a 20%.

Ke piʻi nei ka chip a ʻaʻole paha?Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ua hāʻule koke ke kumukūʻai o nā mīkini uila uila ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka noi, akā ʻo ke koi ʻana i nā MCU ma nā kahua noi ʻē aʻe, e like me nā kaʻa a me ka mana ʻoihana, ua alakaʻi i nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o nā chips pili.Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā kelepona paʻalima, ua kapa ʻia ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka ʻoihana chip me ke kūʻai lohi, akā ʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻaʻole i pau ka hemahema o ka chip i kekahi mau ʻoihana.

Maikaʻi no nā ʻāpana kaʻa, nā ʻikepili mai ka 2022 China Nansha International Integrated Circuit Industry Forum e hōʻike ana i nā huahana chip i kēia manawa hiki ke hoʻokō wale i ka 31% o nā pono o nā mea hana ma ka awelika.ʻO ka ʻikepili i hāʻawi ʻia i ka mahina ʻo ia ka GAC ​​i kū i ka hapa o 33,000 chips i ka lua o ka hapaha.

Ke holo mālie nei ka ʻoihana ikehu hou, a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ke koi ʻana i nā chips i ka wā e hiki mai ana.Ua hōʻike ʻia he pono ka hoʻohana ʻana o kahi kaʻa maʻamau i 500 chips, a ʻo nā kaʻa ikaika hou e lawe i nā chips hou aku.ʻO ka makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo ke kūʻai ʻana o nā kaʻa kaʻa honua ma kahi o 81.05 miliona, ʻo ia ka mea e pono ai ke kaulahao ʻoihana kaʻa holoʻokoʻa he 40.5 biliona chips.

Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ke kuahu mākeke.Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻaʻole i emi iki ka noi no nā chips me ka ʻenehana kaʻina hana kiʻekiʻe ma ke kaulahao ʻoihana upstream.Ua hōʻike mua ʻia e hana nui ʻia nā chips 3nm TSMC i Kepakemapa, a ʻo Apple ka mea kūʻai mua e hoʻohana i nā chips 3nm TSMC.

Ua hōʻike ʻia i ka makahiki aʻe, me ka kaʻina A17 hou a me nā kaʻina hana M3, e hoʻohana ʻo Apple i ka TSMC's 3nm.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, aia ka hapa o nā mea hana semiconductor kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo ka hoʻopuka ʻana o nā kaʻina hana kiʻekiʻe 3nm a me 2nm e haʻahaʻa, a aia paha kahi hāʻawi o 10% a 20% i 2024-2025.

ʻO ka hopena, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kumukūʻai.Hōʻike nā hōʻailona like ʻole iā mākou e hāʻule ana nā chips ma hope o kekahi, a ʻaʻole mamao loa kēia ʻoihana mai ka maʻalahi e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia.

Ke hāʻule nei nā ʻāpana mea kūʻai mai i ka makemake?

Ua make kekahi ʻaoʻao, a ua pōmaikaʻi kekahi ʻaoʻao.

Ua hele aku nā ʻāpana uila o nā mea kūʻai aku i ka wā hanohano i nā makahiki ʻelua i hala.Me ka emi ʻana o ka pae o ka hoʻohana uila, ua haʻalele lākou i lalo mai ke kuahu.I kēia manawa, nui nā ʻoihana chip e hana nei i ka hoʻololi ʻana i kā lākou ʻoihana, mai ka mea kūʻai aku i ka ʻenehana a me ka ʻenehana.Ua papa inoa ʻo TSMC i ka mākeke automotive ma ke ʻano he papahana mua i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.Ua hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāina, ʻo ka ʻoihana kaʻa o nā mea pāʻani MCU kūloko e like me Zhaoyi Innovation, Zhongying Electronics, a me China Micro Semiconductor ke lilo nei i mea maopopo loa.

ʻO ka mea kikoʻī, ua komo ka huahana MCU kaʻa mua a Zhaoyi i ka pae hoʻāʻo o ka mea kūʻai aku ma Malaki, a ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokō i ka hana nui i kēia makahiki;Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Zhongying Electronics no ka ʻāpana MCU mana kino, a manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka waena o ka makahiki.Ke kua;Ua hōʻike ʻo China Microelectronics i kona manaʻo paʻa e hoʻomohala i nā chips automotive-grade i kāna prospectus.Hoʻolālā kāna IPO e hoʻonui i 729 miliona yuan, kahi o 283 miliona yuan e hoʻohana ʻia no ka noiʻi ʻana a me nā papahana hoʻomohala.

Hoʻomaopopo kēia.Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka helu localization o ka mīkini kaʻa kaʻa a me nā chip control ma mua o 1%, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka localization o nā sensor ma mua o 4%, a ʻo nā helu localization o nā semiconductors mana, hoʻomanaʻo, a me nā kamaʻilio he 8%, 8%, a 3%, kēlā me kēia.Ke piʻi aʻe nei ka hana ʻana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou, a ʻo ke kaiaola akamai holoʻokoʻa, me ka hoʻokele autonomous, e hoʻopau pū i ka nui o nā semiconductor i ka pae hope.

A pehea ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻomau ʻana i nā ʻāpana mea kūʻai aku?

Ma mua, ua hōʻike ʻia ua hoʻokuʻu aku ʻo Samsung i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā ʻoihana āpau e pili ana i nā panela, nā kelepona paʻalima a me nā ʻāpana hoʻomanaʻo, a ʻo ka nui o nā mea hana hoʻomanaʻo Korea e lawe i ka hoʻolālā e ʻoki i nā kumukūʻai ma mua o 5% i ke kūʻai aku no ke kūʻai aku.ʻO Nuvoton Technology, e kālele ana i nā mea uila uila, ua ʻike pū kekahi i ka piʻi ʻana o ka loaʻa kālā ma mua o 5.5 mau manawa i ka makahiki i hala, me ka loaʻa kālā he NT $7.27 no kēlā me kēia.I ʻApelila a me Mei i kēia makahiki, ua palahalaha ka hana, me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka loaʻa kālā ma 2,18% a me 3,04%.

ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi ke wehewehe nui, akā hōʻike ka Wind data i ka lā 9 o Mei, 126 mau hui semiconductor a puni ka honua i hoʻolaha i kā lākou hōʻike kālā no ka hapaha mua o 2022, kahi o 16 i ʻike i ka emi ʻana o ka loaʻa kālā a i ʻole. he poho.Ke hāʻule koke nei nā ʻāpana mea kūʻai aku mai ka makemake, a ua lilo nā kaʻa a me ka hoʻokele ʻoihana i wahi e ʻimi pono ai i ka mākeke chip.

Akā, maʻalahi anei nā mea e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia?

图片3

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mea hana chip home, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka neʻe ʻana mai ke kahua uila mea kūʻai aku i ke kahua kaʻa kaʻa ma mua o ka mea hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka wela o ka mākeke.ʻO ka mea mua, pono e loaʻa i nā ʻāpana ʻāina i lalo, a ʻo ke kahua hoʻohana ke kūlana mua, helu no 27%.ʻOiai inā ʻoe e nānā i ka honua, ʻo ka mākeke kūloko ka mākeke semiconductor nui loa.Hōʻike ka ʻikepili i ka makahiki 2021, ʻo ke kūʻai aku ʻana o nā semiconductor ma ka mākeke ʻāina ʻo Kina e hōʻea i ka US $ 29.62 biliona, kahi hoʻonui makahiki o 58%.ʻO ia ka mākeke semiconductor nui loa o ka honua, e helu ana no 28.9% o ka huina kūʻai semiconductor o ka honua..

ʻO ka lua, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka ʻoihana chip ponoʻī i ka ʻoihana o nā smartphones a me 5G.Ke lawe nei i ka TSMC ma ke ʻano he laʻana,

ʻO ka hoʻouna ʻana o TSMC he 70% o ka mākeke MCU automotive, akā i ka ʻike kālā loaʻa o 2020, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā chip automotive he 3.31% wale nō.Ma ka Q1 2022, ʻo ka TSMC's smart and high-performance computing fields e helu no 40% a me 41% o ka loaʻa kālā, ʻoiai ʻo IoT, automotive, DCE, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e helu wale no 8%, 5%, 3%, a me 3. %, kēlā me kēia.

He emi ka noi, akā, aia nō ka loaʻa kālā, a he pilikia.ʻO kēia paha ka mea pilikia loa i ka mākeke semiconductor.

Ma hope o ka boom, mea kūʻai carnival?

Ke loli ke kumukūʻai o nā chips, ʻoi aku ka hauʻoli o nā mea kūʻai.Ua lilo nā kelepona paʻalima, nā kaʻa a me nā mea hana home akamai i nā wahi carnival mea kūʻai pinepine ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻia ʻana o nā kumukūʻai chip, ʻoi aku hoʻi nā kelepona paʻalima.ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o ke kumukūʻai chip, ua hoʻōho kekahi poʻe ma nā paepae kaiaulu e kūʻai i nā kelepona paʻa i ke kālā i ka hapa ʻelua o kēia makahiki.

Ma hope koke iho, ua hele mai ke kumukūʻai o ka ikehu hou, ke kumukūʻai o nā huahana uila, ke kumukūʻai o nā mea hana hale… a pēlā aku.Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe ʻike maopopo e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hōʻemi kumukūʻai e pili ana i ke kaulahao huahana, akā ʻo ka ʻōlelo ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ke kumukūʻai kūʻai ma kēia mākeke kūʻai.

E nānā mua kākou i ke kahua kelepona paʻalima koʻikoʻi.I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe nā mea hana kelepona kelepona i nā kumukūʻai me ka pau ʻole.ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻo ka mea kiʻekiʻe e swaggering, a ʻo ka hiki ke hoʻemi i ke kumukūʻai no kekahi manawa haʻahaʻa loa.Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe ka loaʻa kālā o nā mea hana kelepona paʻa.Ma mua, ma ka Huawei Developer Conference, ʻo Yang Haisong, ka hope pelekikena o ka ʻoihana polokalamu ʻoihana kūʻai aku o Huawei, i ʻōlelo ʻia he ʻilihune ka waiwai o nā mea hana kelepona paʻa lima, a ʻoi aku ka hapa o ka mākeke kelepona home ma mua o ka hapalua, akā ma kahi o 10%.waiwai.

Eia kekahi, ua hāʻule maoli nā chips, akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi nā kumukūʻai o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e like me nā sensor a me nā pale.Ke ulu nui nei nā kumu hoʻohālike kiʻekiʻe, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā mea hana kelepona paʻa i ke kaulahao lako.Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo OPPO, Xiaomi Ua hana ʻo ia i nā mea ʻike kūʻokoʻa iā Sony a me Samsung.

ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole e piʻi ke kumukūʻai o nā kelepona paʻa, he pōmaikaʻi ia no nā mea kūʻai.

Ke nānā nei i ka ikehu hou, ʻaʻole i loko o ke kahua o ka hana kaʻa nā ʻāpana nui i ʻoki i nā kumukūʻai i kēia manawa.He aha hou aʻe, i ka hapa mua o ka makahiki, ʻaʻole i pālahalaha ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o nā kaʻa hana kaʻa hou, a ua piʻi hou aʻe.ʻO nā kumu ma hope o ia mea ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā chips.pōʻino.Ke piʻi nei nā kumukūʻai o nā mea nui, a ke piʻi wale nei nā kumukūʻai o ka nickel, ke kila, a me ka aluminika, me nā electrodes maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole, a ke piʻi nei ke kumukūʻai o nā pila.ʻIke loa, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopiʻi ʻia kēia mau kumu ma nā chips wale nō.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike i ka reflow chip i ka pōʻai hana kaʻa.Mai kēia makahiki, ua hāʻule nā ​​kumukūʻai o nā pahu kukui LED a me nā ʻāpana hoʻokele e 30% -40%, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻokani i kekahi kuleana i ka pale ʻana i nā kumukūʻai kaʻa o nā mea nona nā kaʻa..

Ma waho aʻe o nā smartphones, ʻoi aku ka hopena o nā mea kūʻai aku i nā polokalamu home akamai e like me nā ea a me nā pahu hau.ʻAʻole haʻahaʻa ka noi no nā MCU no nā waiwai keʻokeʻo nui ʻekolu ma Kina, e piʻi ana mai 570 miliona ma 2017 a ʻoi aku ma mua o 700 miliona ma 2022, ʻo ia ka Light air conditioning MCU i ʻoi aku ma mua o 60%.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā chips i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka māla home akamai he mau ʻāpana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me nā kaʻina hana hana hope, i kūʻē ʻia i nā kaʻina hana holomua e like me 3nm a me 7nm, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 28nm a i ʻole 45nm.ʻIke ʻoe, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe kēia mau chip i ke kumukūʻai ʻāpana ma muli o kā lākou ʻike loea haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻohana ākea.

No nā hui mea hana hale, ʻo ka ʻenehana haʻahaʻa hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokō i ka pono ponoʻī.Ma 2017, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke keʻena microelectronics o Gree;ma 2018, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Konka i ka hoʻokumu kūhelu o ka māhele ʻenehana semiconductor;i ka makahiki 2018, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Midea i kona komo ʻana i ka hana chip a hoʻokumu i Meiren Semiconductor Company.I Ianuali 2021, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Meiken Semiconductor Technology Co., Ltd.I kēia manawa, ʻo ka nui o ka hana nui makahiki o kāna mau pahu MCU ma kahi o 10 miliona.

Wahi a nā helu helu piha ʻole, ua hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia nā hui ʻoihana home kuʻuna, me TCL, Konka, Skyworth, a me Haier, i ke kahua semiconductor.I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia kēia kahua e nā chips.

I lalo, ʻaʻole i lalo?ʻO kēia ʻoki kumukūʻai chip ua ʻoi aku ka like me ka pana hoʻopunipuni, a ʻaʻole hauʻoli nā mea hana i luna no ka manawa, koe wale nō nā mea kūʻai.


Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-23-2022

Waiho i kāu leka